Pain Patterns of the Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction and Implications of Stress-Related Behaviors: A Pilot Study / Patrones de Dolor de la Disfunción de la Articulación Temporomandibular e Implicaciones de los Comportamientos Relacionados con el Estrés: Un Estudio Piloto

SUMMARY: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction interferes with the quality of life and activities of daily living among patients. The symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction, including pain and clicking and popping sounds, are worsened during stressful events, and patients report increased pain around the temporomandibular joint. Stress-related behaviors, such as teeth clenching and teeth grinding, are commonly reported as increasing during stress. The prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and stress-related behaviors is reported differently in the literature. Stress in higher education is common. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and stress-related behaviors among staff members at a local University. The study also sought to explore pain patterns described by people experiencing temporomandibular joint dysfunction and the relationship between stress-related behaviors and pain symptoms experienced. Further, the impact of stress on symptoms experienced by people with temporomandibular dysfunction was investigated in this pilot study.

La disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular interfiere con la calidad de vida y las actividades de la vida diaria entre los pacientes. Los síntomas de la disfunción temporomandibular, incluidos el dolor y los chasquidos, empeoran durante los eventos estresantes, y los pacientes informan un aumento del dolor alrededor de la articulación temporomandibular. Los comportamientos relacionados con el estrés, como apretar y rechinar los dientes, suelen aumentar durante el estrés. La prevalencia de la disfunción temporomandibular y los comportamientos relacionados con el estrés se informa de manera diferente en la literatura. El estrés en la educación superior es común. El propósito de este estudio piloto fue investigar la prevalencia de la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular y los comportamientos relacionados con el estrés entre los miembros del personal de una universidad local. El objetivo del estudio además fue explorar los patrones de dolor descritos por personas que experimentan disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular y la relación entre los comportamientos relacionados con el estrés y los síntomas de dolor experimentados. Además, en este estudio piloto se investigó el impacto del estrés en los síntomas que experimentan las personas con disfunción temporomandibular.

Entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales y estrese en la universidad: un estudio de caso / Treinamento de habilidades sociais e estresse na universidade: um estudo de caso / Social skills training and stress at the university: a case study

A aplicação do Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais no contexto universitário pode ser eficaz para a redução do estresse percebido pelos estudantes. Assim, o objetivo do presente artigo foi descrever, no formato de um estudo de caso único, o processo terapêutico de um Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais realizado com uma estudante de Psicologia, apresentando dados referentes à eficácia da intervenção. As avaliações pré e pós-teste foram feitas com os seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14), entrevistas e diário de campo. Contatou-se o aprimoramento de habilidades sociais como recusar e fazer pedidos, lidar com críticas e expor desagrado e solicitar mudança de comportamento do outro, e redução dos níveis de estresse com base em dados qualitativos e quantitativos, com manutenção desses resultados no follow-up de seis semanas. Concluiu-se que o Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais realizado possibilitou a melhora da experiência na universidade para a participante.

La aplicación del entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales en el contexto universitario puede ser eficaz para la disminución del estrese percibido por los estudiantes. Delante eso, el objetivo del presente artículo fue describir, en el molde de un estudio de caso único, el proceso terapéutico de un entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales realizado con una estudiante de Psicología, que presentaba, también, datos referentes a la eficacia de la intervención. Las evaluaciones antes y e después de la prueba se hicieron con los siguientes instrumentos: Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Escala de Estrese Percibido (PSS-14), entrevistas y diario de campo. Fue posible constatar el perfeccionamiento de habilidades sociales como recusar y hacer pedidos, lidiar con críticas y exponer desagrado y solicitar cambio de comportamiento del otro, y reducción de los niveles de estrese con base en datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, con manutención de esos resultados en elfollow-upde seis semanas. Se concluye que el Entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales realizado posibilitó la mejora de la experiencia en la universidad para la participante.

The application of Social Skills Training in the university context can be effective in reducing the stress perceived by students. Therefore, the objective of this article was to describe, in the format of a single case study, the therapeutic process of a Social Skills Training carried out with a Psychology student, also presenting data regarding the effectiveness of the intervention. Pre- and post-test assessments were performed using the following instruments: Social Skills Inventory 2 (IHS2-Del-Prette), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), interviews and field diary. It was possible to verify the improvement of social skills such as refusing and making requests, dealing with criticism and exposing displeasure and requesting a change in the other's behavior, and reduction of stress levels based on qualitative and quantitative data, with maintenance of these results in the follow-up of six weeks. It was concluded that the Social Skills Training carried out enabled the participant to improve her university experience.

Burnout among Dental Students of Private and Public Dental Colleges in Pakistan - A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence of burnout among dental students of public and private institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, Pakistan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted at five public and private dental institutions from June 2021 to May 2022. A validated twelve-item closed-ended Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire was distributed among the dental students of two private and two public institutes in Pakistan. The research questions focused on demographic information and students' academic experiences. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: A total of 274 dental undergraduate students - second (42.3%), third (35.4%), and final (22.3%) academic year participated in this study. The mean age of the respondents was 21.9, with the range of 20-26 years. Most participants were females (74.1%) compared to the males (25.9%). The findings for burnout syndrome among dentistry students and students in the private and public sectors were not significant. Conclusion: In the current study, burnout levels among dental undergraduates, both private and public, were low.

Children's preoperative stress according to the parental presence evaluated by salivary cortisol and mYPAS: quasi-randomized trial / Estresse pré-operatório em crianças de acordo com a presença dos pais avaliada por cortisol salivar e mYPAS: ensaio quase-randomizado / Estrés preoperatorio en niños según la presencia de los padres evaluado mediante cortisol salival y mYPAS: ensayo cuasi-aleatorio

ABSTRACT Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare stress and anxiety levels in children undergoing surgical procedures with or without parental presence at induction of anesthesia by measuring salivary cortisol levels and applying the mYPAS. Method: Quasi-randomized trial with children aged 5-12 year, with ASA physical status I, II, or III, undergoing elective surgery. According to parents' willingness, the pair were defined as accompanied or unaccompanied group. Chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney, Hodges-Lehman and Spearman's tests were used for statistical analyzes. Results: We included 46 children; 63% were preschool children mostly accompanied by their mothers (80%). The median mYPAS score was 37.5 (quartile range, 23.4-51.6) in unaccompanied children, and 55.0 (quartile range, 27.9-65.0) in accompanied children, with an estimated median difference of +11.8 (95% CI of 0 to 23.4; p = 0.044). There were no significant differences in the mean salivary cortisol levels. Conclusion: The level of anxiety was higher in accompanied children. There were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between both groups. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy.

RESUMO Objetivo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de estresse e ansiedade em crianças submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos com ou sem presença dos pais na indução da anestesia, medindo os níveis de cortisol salivar e aplicando o mYPAS. Método: Ensaio quaserandomizado com crianças de 5 a 12 anos, com estado físico ASA I, II ou III, submetidas a cirurgia eletiva. De acordo com a disposição dos pais, o par foi definido como grupo acompanhado ou não acompanhado. Foram utilizados testes de qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Hodges-Lehman e Spearman para as análises estatísticas. Resultados: Foram incluídas 46 crianças; 63% delas em idade préescolar, principalmente acompanhadas por suas mães (80%). A pontuação mYPAS mediana foi de 37,5 (intervalo interquartil, 23,4-51,6) em crianças não acompanhadas e de 55,0 (intervalo interquartil, 27,9-65,0) em crianças acompanhadas, com uma diferença mediana estimada de +11,8 (IC de 95% de 0 a 23,4; p = 0,044). Não houve diferenças significativas nos níveis médios de cortisol salivar. Conclusão: O nível de ansiedade foi maior em crianças acompanhadas. Não houve diferenças nos níveis de cortisol salivar entre os dois grupos. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de estrés y ansiedad en niños sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos con o sin presencia de los padres en la inducción de la anestesia mediante la medición de los niveles de cortisol salival y la aplicación del mYPAS. Método: Ensayo cuasi-aleatorio con niños de 5 a 12 años, con estado físico ASA I, II o III, sometidos a cirugía electiva. Según la disposición de los padres, se definieron como grupo acompañado o no acompañado. Se utilizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrado, exacta de Fisher, t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Hodges-Lehman y Spearman para los análisis estadísticos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 niños; el 63% eran niños en edad preescolar, en su mayoría acompañados por sus madres (80%). La puntuación mYPAS mediana fue de 37,5 (rango intercuartílico, 23,4-51,6) en niños no acompañados y de 55,0 (rango intercuartílico, 27,9-65,0) en niños acompañados, con una diferencia mediana estimada de +11,8 (IC del 95% de 0 a 23,4; p = 0,044). No hubo diferencias significativas en los niveles medios de cortisol salival. Conclusión: El nivel de ansiedad fue mayor en los niños acompañados. No hubo diferencias en los niveles de cortisol salival entre ambos grupos. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (ReBEC):RBR-9wj4qvy.

Burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students: a prevalence study

Aim: Burnout syndrome describes the state of long-term physical, emotional and mental exhaustion related to work. This syndrome can cause health problems related to stress, insomnia, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, including an increase in alcohol consumption and drug use. It is important to recognize the presence of the initial signs of this syndrome, therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students. Methods: The study was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. It was carried out from September to November 2018, and it included a total of 154 dental students of four universities of La Libertad region, surveyed by census method. Three were private universities and one was public. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS). The results were presented in absolute and percentage frequencies, as well as confidence intervals, using double-entry tables. Results: It was found that 24.68% of the students (24.71% in male students and 24.64% in female students) presented burnout syndrome. The public university of Trujillo presented the highest percentage of affected students (47.37%). A prevalence of 53,90% of emotional exhaustion was also found among the students under evaluation. Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the students surveyed presented burnout. It was also observed that the public University of Trujillo had a higher percentage of burnout than the three private ones. The percentage of prevalence of the burnout syndrome according to sex was similar. However according to dimensions, emotional exhaustion presented the highest percentage

Variables tecnológicas predictoras del estrés académico en estudiantes de Enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19 / Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19 / Variáveis tecnológicas preditoras do estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem em tempos de COVID-19

Objetivo: analizar cuáles son las variables tecnológicas, derivadas del uso de dispositivo electrónico, predicen el estrés académico, y sus dimensiones en estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal de tipo analítico, realizado en 796 estudiantes de seis universidades de Perú. Se empleó la escala SISCO y para el análisis se estimaron cuatro modelos de regresión logística, con selección de variables por pasos. Resultados: entre los participantes, 87,6% presentaron un nivel alto de estrés académico; el tiempo de uso del dispositivo electrónico, el brillo de la pantalla, la edad y el sexo, estuvieron asociados con el estrés académico y sus tres dimensiones; la posición de uso del dispositivo electrónico estuvo asociada con la escala total y con las dimensiones estresores y reacciones. Finalmente, la distancia entre el rostro y el dispositivo electrónico estuvo asociada con la escala total y la dimensión reacciones. Conclusión: las variables tecnológicas y las características sociodemográficas predicen el estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería. Se sugiere optimizar el tiempo de uso de las computadoras, regular el brillo de la pantalla, evitar sentarse en posiciones inadecuadas y vigilar la distancia, con la finalidad de reducir el estrés académico durante la enseñanza a distancia.

Objective: to analyze which technological variables, derived from the use of electronic devices, predict academic stress and its dimensions in Nursing students. Method: analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 796 students from six universities in Peru. The SISCO scale was used and four logistic regression models were estimated for the analysis, with selection of variables in stages. Results: among the participants, 87.6% had a high level of academic stress; time using the electronic device, screen brightness, age and sex were associated with academic stress and its three dimensions; the position of using the electronic device was associated with the total scale and the stressors and reactions dimensions. Finally, the distance between the face and the electronic device was associated with the total scale and size of reactions. Conclusion: technological variables and sociodemographic characteristics predict academic stress in nursing students. It is suggested to optimize the time of use of computers, regulate the brightness of the screen, avoid sitting in inappropriate positions and pay attention to the distance, in order to reduce academic stress during distance learning.

Objetivo: analisar quais variáveis tecnológicas, derivadas do uso de dispositivos eletrônicos, predizem o estresse acadêmico e suas dimensões em estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal do tipo analítico, realizado em 796 estudantes de seis universidades do Peru. Foi utilizada a escala SISCO e foram estimados quatro modelos de regressão logística para a análise, com seleção das variáveis por etapas. Resultados: entre os participantes, 87,6% apresentaram alto nível de estresse acadêmico; o tempo de uso do aparelho eletrônico, o brilho da tela, a idade e o sexo foram associados ao estresse acadêmico e suas três dimensões; a posição de uso do aparelho eletrônico foi associada à escala total e às dimensões estressores e reações. Por fim, a distância entre o rosto e o dispositivo eletrônico foi associada à escala total e à dimensão das reações. Conclusão: variáveis tecnológicas e características sociodemográficas predizem estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem. Sugere-se otimizar o tempo de uso dos computadores, regular o brilho da tela, evitar sentar-se em posições inadequadas e atentar-se à distância da tela, a fim de diminuir o estresse acadêmico durante o ensino a distância.

Escala de estratégias de enfrentamento para pacientes oncológicos: desenvolvimento de uma medida / Coping strategies scale for cancer patients: development of a measurement / Escala de estrategias de enfrentamiento para pacientes oncológicos: desarrollo de una medida

O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento capaz de avaliar o enfrentamento de pacientes oncológicos. Foram construídos 112 itens que passaram por análise teórica de juízes especialistas e pré-teste com o público-alvo. Os 42 que restaram após essas etapas foram respondidos por 392 pacientes oncológicos. A análise de validade de estrutura interna foi realizada por análise fatorial exploratória. Denominada como Escala de Estratégias de Enfrentamento para Pacientes Oncológicos (E3PO), os resultados indicaram uma estrutura de 20 itens divididos em dois fatores que explicam 36,05% da variância total. Engajamento no Tratamento, 14 itens (confiabilidade composta de 0,83), avalia compromisso orientado para mudança do estressor. Reações Emocionais, seis itens (confiabilidade composta de 0,75), avalia enfrentamento baseado na expressão de sentimentos negativos advindos do estressor. A E3PO pode futuramente auxiliar na elaboração de planos terapêuticos e avaliação de intervenções comportamentais que tenham como foco o desenvolvimento ou melhoramento do enfrentamento ao câncer.(AU)

This study aimed to develop a scale to evaluate coping strategies in cancer patients. Initially, 112 items were created and subjected to theoretical analysis by expert judges, followed by a trial with the target population. After these steps, 42 items remained and were answered by 392 cancer patients. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the scale's Internal structure validity. The resulting Coping Strategies Scale for Cancer Patients (E3PO) consists of 20 items grouped into two factors, explaining 36.05% of the total variance. The first factor, Treatment Engagement, includes 14 items (with a composite reliability of .83), which measure commitment to addressing the stressor. The second factor, Emotional Reactions, includes six items (with a composite reliability of .75) that evaluate coping based on the expression of negative emotions coming from the stressor. In the future, E3PO may help in the development of therapeutic plans and the evaluation of behavioral interventions aimed at enhancing coping strategies among cancer patients.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una herramienta para evaluar el afrontamiento de pacientes oncológicos. Se construyeron 112 ítems que fueron sometidos a análisis teórico por parte de jueces especialistas y prueba piloto con la población objetivo. Los 42 ítems restantes tras esta etapa fueron contestados por 392 pacientes oncológicos. El análisis de la validez de la estructura interna se hizo por análisis factorial exploratorio. Denominad Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento para Pacientes Oncológicos (E3PO), los resultados señalaron una estructura de 20 ítems divididos en dos factores que explican 36.05% de la varianza total. Compromiso con el Tratamiento con 14 ítems (fiabilidad compuesta .83) evalúa el compromiso orientado hacia el cambio del estresor. Reacciones Emocionales con seis ítems (fiabilidad compuesta .75) evalúa el afrontamiento basado en la expresión de sentimientos negativos derivados del estresor. En el futuro, E3PO puede ser útil en la elaboración de planes terapéuticos y en la evaluación de intervenciones conductuales que se centren en el desarrollo o la mejora del afrontamiento del cáncer.(AU)

Riesgo de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y suicidio en pacientes aislados por casos sospechosos de COVID-19 / Risk for Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Suicide in Patients Isolated for Being Suspected Cases of COVID-19

Introducción: El impacto psicológico de la pandemia en la población varía de acuerdo al tipo de afección, por el significado que implica a la persona y sus características. Objetivos: Determinar el riesgo de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y suicidio en pacientes en aislamiento por contacto de casos sospechosos de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal en pacientes en aislamiento domiciliario por contacto de casos sospechosos de COVID-19, Policlínico José Martí Pérez del municipio Gibara, de noviembre del 2020 a febrero del 2021. El universo fue 417 pacientes, de ellos 399 fue la muestra mediante un muestreo no probabilístico y cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se recolectó a través de test que evaluaron las alteraciones psicológicas. La información recogida fue almacenada en una base de datos, y se procesó mediante la utilización del paquete estadístico SPSS 17. Resultados: Predominaron pacientes aislados por contacto directo (194/48,62 por ciento) y en aislamiento por más a 10 días (203/50,89 por ciento). El ser contacto de cualquier tipo de paciente sospechoso de COVID-19 se relacionó con riesgo de depresión (OR: 1,81; IC 95 por ciento: 1,38-2,38), pero no con la ansiedad (OR: 1,05; IC 95 por ciento 0,88-1,25). El estrés no presentó significación estadística (p = 0,341) en relación al tiempo en aislamiento. La ideación suicida estuvo presente en 25 pacientes, relacionándose con el riesgo de sufrirla (OR: 1,39; IC 95 por ciento: 1,03-1,88) en pacientes contactos directos. Conclusiones: Durante el aislamiento, los pacientes presentaron ansiedad como principal alteración psicológica, al estar en contacto con pacientes positivos de COVID-19. Esta situación se relaciona estrechamente con el riesgo de sufrir depresión y presentar idea suicida(AU)

Introduction: The pandemic's psychological impact of the on the population varies depending on the type of condition, according to the meaning that it implies to the person and its characteristics. Objectives: To determine the risk of depression, anxiety, stress and suicide in patients in isolation due to contact with suspected cases of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was carried out with patients in home isolation due to contact with suspected cases of COVID-19. The patients belonged to the Policlínico José Martí Pérez, Gibara Municipality, from November 2020 to February 2021. From a study universe of 417 patients, 399 were selected by nonprobabilistic sampling, apart from the fact that they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The psychological alterations were evaluated through the application of a test. The collected information was stored in a database and processed using the SPSS 17 statistical package. Results: There was a predominance of patients isolated due to direct contact (194/48, 62 percent) and in isolation for more than 10 days (203/50, 89 percent). Having been in contact with any type of patient suspected of COVID-19 was associated with risk of depression (OR: 1.81; 95 percentI: 1.38-2.38), but not with anxiety (OR: 1.05; 95 percent CI: 0.88-1.25). Stress was not statistically significant (p = 0.341) in relation to the isolation time. Suicidal ideation was present in 25 patients, being related, in patients who were direct contact, to the risk of suffering from the disease (OR: 1.39; 95 percent I: 1.03-1.88). Conclusions: During isolation, patients presented anxiety as the main psychological alteration, since they had been in contact with COVID-19 positive patients. This situation is closely related to the risk of suffering depression and presenting suicidal ideation(AU)

Bruxismo como consequência do estresse pandêmico: revisão integrativa / Bruxism as a consequence of pandemic stress: integrative review

O período pandêmico com todas as suas implicações possibilitou um aumento dos níveis de estresse em parte da população, que teve como consequência a obtenção ou o agravamento do bruxismo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre como o estresse causado pela pandemia de COVID-19 influenciou no desenvolvimento do bruxismo, considerando o perfil dos indivíduos acometidos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da seleção de artigos publicados nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed e EBSCOhost. Para isto, a seguinte questão de pesquisa foi formulada: "Existe relação entre o bruxismo e a pandemia de COVID-19?". A busca objetivou encontrar artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês, durante os anos de 2019 a 2023, utilizando os descritores "bruxismo", "COVID-19" e "estresse psicológico" e as suas respectivas versões em inglês, juntamente com a estratégia de busca AND. Revisão de literatura: Vinte estudos foram incluídos, ficando evidente uma prevalência do bruxismo como consequência do estresse pandêmico em pessoas jovens, do sexo feminino, além de estudantes/profissionais da área da saúde. Considerações finais: Acredita-se que a pandemia de COVID-19 vivenciada entre os anos de 2019 e 2023 tenha causado e/ou exacerbado estresse, sendo este um importante fator causador do bruxismo.(AU)

The pandemic period with all its implications allowed an increase in stress levels in part of the population, which resulted in the obstruction or worsening of bruxism. Objective: The aim of this article was to carry out an integrative review on how the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the development of bruxism, considering the profile of affected individuals. Method: An integrative literature review was carried out based on the selection of articles published in the VHL, PubMed and EBSCOhost databases. For this, the following research question was formulated: "Is there a relationship between bruxism and the COVID-19 pandemic?". The search aimed to find articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English, during the years 2019 to 2023, using the descriptors "bruxism", "COVID-19" and "psychological stress" and their respective versions in English, together with the strategy of search AND. Integratve review: Twenty studies were included, revealing a prevalence of bruxism as a consequence of pandemic stress in young, females, in addition to students/health professionals. Final considerations: It is believed that the COVID-19 pandemic experienced between 2019 and 2023 caused and/or exacerbated stress, which is an important factor causing bruxism.(AU)

Estrés académico en estudiantes de Medicina durante la pandemia de covid-19 / Academic stress in Medicine students during covid-19 pandemic i: en

Introducción: Los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas refieren mayores niveles de estrés académico, particularmente los de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: Caracterizar a estudiantes de Medicina según nivel de estrés, reacciones psicosomáticas y estrategias de afrontamiento usadas durante la pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde septiembre hasta diciembre del 2020, de 30 estudiantes de primer y segundo años de la carrera de Medicina, pertenecientes a la Facultad No. 2 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, que refirieron sentirse nerviosos. Como variables analizadas figuraron: sexo, nivel de estrés autopercibido, situaciones generadoras de estrés, reacciones físicas, psicológicas, comportamentales, y estrategias de afrontamiento. Se utilizó el porcentaje para los datos cualitativos, así como la media y la desviación estándar para los cuantitativos. Resultados: El nivel de estrés autopercibido resultó medio en el sexo masculino y alto en el femenino. En el estudio predominaron el tiempo limitado para la realización de trabajos, las evaluaciones de los profesores y la sobrecarga académica como situaciones generadoras de estrés; la somnolencia, la inquietud, el aislamiento y los conflictos o discusiones como principales reacciones; la planificación de sus tareas, la búsqueda de información sobre la situación y la habilidad asertiva como estrategias de afrontamiento. Conclusiones: La muestra estudiada se caracterizó por presentar nivel medio de estrés autopercibido, responder a situaciones generadoras de estrés académico, expresar reacciones físicas, psicológicas y comportamentales ante estas situaciones, así como también por usar estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema.

Introduction: Medical sciences students refer higher levels of academic stress, particularly those of the Medicine career. Objective: To characterize Medicine students according to stress level, psychosomatic reactions and confrontation strategies used during covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from September to December, 2020, of 30 first and second year students of the Medicine career, belonging to Faculty No. 2 of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba that referred to feel nervous. The analyzed variables were sex, self-perceived level of stress, situations generating stress, physical, psychological, behavioural reactions and confrontation strategies. The percentage was used for the qualitative data, as well as the mean and the standard deviation for the quantitative ones. Results: The self-perceived level of stress was average in the male sex and high in the female sex. In the study there was a prevalence of the limited time for the realization of works, evaluations of professors and academic overload as situations generating stress; the drowsiness, restlessness, isolation and conflicts or discussions as main reactions; planning of their tasks, search of information on the situation and assertive skill as confrontation strategies. Conclusions: The studied sample was characterized by presenting a medium level of self-perceived stress, responding to situations that generate academic stress, expressing physical, psychological and behavioural reactions when facing these situations, as well as using confrontation strategies focused on the problem.

Hans Hugo Bruno Selye y el estrés, hito en la historia de la Medicina moderna / Hans Hugo Bruno Selye and the stress, a milestone in the modern medical history

Fundamento: Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, fisiólogo y médico austrohúngaro nació el 26 de enero de 1907, posteriormente se naturalizó canadiense, este hombre que vivió 75 años y llegó a ser director del Instituto de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental de la Universidad de Montreal, Canadá, hasta su retiro en 1970. Falleció en 1982, en esa misma ciudad. Objetivo: Describir la vida y obra del ilustre académico Hans Hugo Bruno Selye y la historia del estrés como hito en la historia de la Medicina moderna. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte histórico donde se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el análisis documental y el histórico-lógico. Desarrollo: El doctor empezó a desarrollar su famosa teoría acerca de la influencia del estrés en la capacidad de las personas para enfrenarse o amoldarse a las consecuencias de lesiones o enfermedades en el segundo año de sus estudios de Medicina (1926). Esta investigación le permitió descubrir que los pacientes con variedad de dolencias manifestaban síntomas similares, los cuales podían ser atribuidos a los esfuerzos del organismo para responder a esta condición de estar enfermo. Él llamó a este conjunto de síntomas síndrome del estrés o síndrome de adaptación general (GAS). Conclusiones: Este médico es una de las personalidades más importantes de la historia de la Medicina; su teoría del estrés proporcionó un marco conceptual transcendental para cuestiones posteriores de los mecanismos y manifestaciones de las reacciones del mismo.

Background: Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, Austro-Hungarian physiologist and physician, born January 26, 1907, later naturalized Canadian citizen, this man who lived 75 years and became the Director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery Institute of Montreal University in Canada, until his retirement in 1970. He passed away in 1982, in the same city. Objective: Describe the life and achievements of the distinguished academic Hans Hugo Bruno Selye and the history of stress as a milestone in modern medical history. Methodology: A historical retrospective study was conducted using theoretical methods such as documental and historical-logical analysis. Methodology: The doctor began to build his famous theory about the influence of stress on the ability of persons to cope or adjust to the injury or illness consequences in the second year of his medical studies (1926). He discovered with this investigation that patients with a variety of ailments exhibited similar symptoms, which could be attributed to the organism efforts to respond to the condition of being sick. He named this set of symptoms stress syndrome or general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Conclusions: This physician is one of the greatest personalities in medical history; his stress theory provided a transcendental conceptual framework for later issues of the mechanisms and manifestations for stress reactions.

Estresse, ansiedade e depressão em calouros de uma faculdade pública no Nordeste, Brasil / Stress, anxiety, and depression among first-year students of a public college in the Northeast, Brazil / Estrés, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes de primer año de una universidad pública del Noreste, Brasil

As instituições universitárias têm buscado caracterizar a saúde mental dos estudantes pelos impactos acadêmicos e sociais. Este estudo avaliou por meio de questionário a prevalência e a severidade de sinto-mas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. Participaram 92 calouros dos cursos de Fisioterapia, Psicologia e Nutrição de uma faculdade pública no Nordeste, entre 17-38 anos (M = 20.50; DP = 3.50), selecionados por conveniência. Verificou-se a partir da escala DASS-21 que 48.9% apresentam, pelo menos, sintomatologia leve em um dos fatores; 35.90% sofrem sintomas de estresse, 26.10% de depressão e 22.80% de ansieda-de. A severidade foi maior no fator depressão. Evidenciaram-se diferenças entre cursos, sugerindo que os sintomas não se apresentam de maneira homogênea na instituição. Diferenças de gênero não foram evi-denciadas estatisticamente. Não houve correlações significativas entre sintomas e renda, idade e quanti-dade de filhos. Estudos futuros devem explorar quais características dos cursos exercem influência no perfil sintomatológico. Implicações práticas são apresentadas.

Universities have sought to characterize the students' mental health considering academic and social impacts. This study used a questionnaire to assess the prevalence and severity of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. A convenience sample of 92 first-year students attending the Physical Therapy, Psychology, and Nutrition undergraduate programs at a public college in the Northeast, Brazil, aged between 17 and 38 (M = 20.50; SD = 3.50), participated in this study. The DASS-21 scale revealed that 48.90% experience mild or more severe symptoms in at least one of the factors, 35.90% experience stress, 26.10% depression, and 22.80% experience anxiety symptoms. Depression symptoms were the most severe. Differences were found between the programs, suggesting that the symptoms are not homogeneous across the institution. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender, and no significant correlations were found between symptoms and income, age, or the number of children. Future studies should explore which programs' characteristics influence the profile of symptoms. Practical implications are also discussed.

Las instituciones universitarias han tratado de caracterizar la salud mental de los estudiantes por los im-pactos académicos y sociales. Este estudio evaluó la prevalencia y la gravedad de los síntomas de estrés, ansiedad y depresión mediante un cuestionario. Noventa y dos estudiantes de primer año de Fisioterapia, Psicología y Nutrición de una universidad pública del Nordeste de Brasil, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 38 años (M = 20.50; DT = 3.50), seleccionados por conveniencia. Se comprobó a partir de la escala DASS-21 que el 48.90% presentaba al menos síntomas leves en uno de los factores; el 35.90% sufría síntomas de estrés, el 26.10% de depresión y el 22.80% de ansiedad. La gravedad fue mayor en el factor depresión. Se evidenciaron diferencias entre los cursos, lo que sugiere que los síntomas no se presentan de manera homogénea en la institución. Las diferencias de género no se evidenciaron estadísticamente. No hubo correlaciones significativas entre los síntomas y los ingresos, la edad y el número de hijos. Los estu-dios futuros deberían explorar qué características del curso influyen en los perfiles sintomáticos. Se pre-sentan las implicaciones prácticas

Eficácia de uma intervenção online para prevenção da ansiedade: um ensaio clínico / Efectividad de una intervención online para prevención de ansiedad: un ensayo clínico / Efficacy of an online intervention for anxiety prevention: a clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness, and the sustained effect (follow-up) of a fourweek mindfulness intervention in reducing anxiety and stress in a group of Brazilian university students, the intervention was adapted to be made available through the application Neurosaúde, created as part of this work to serve as a platform for intervention. The research as a whole took place in a virtual environment, with forty-eight participants recruited who were randomly allocated to the intervention group or to the waiting list control. Measures were used to access the levels of mindfulness, anxiety and stress before, after the intervention and at the 4-week follow-up. Applying the intention-to-treat analysis, we found significant differences between the groups for the measurement of anxiety in the follow-up with a large feat size (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Our results suggest that the 4-week mindfulness intervention through a mobile application was able to act as a protective factor against the anxiety developed by university students during the occurrence of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, whereas while the treatment group maintained levels reduced anxiety the control group demonstrated a continuous increase in anxiety in the post-test and follow-up that coincided with the first wave of Covid-19 in the region where the participants lived.

El propósito de este estudio fue probar la eficacia y el efecto sostenido (seguimiento) de una intervención de atención plena de cuatro semanas para reducir la ansiedad y el estrés en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios brasileños, la intervención se adaptó para estar disponible a través del app. Neurosaúde, creada como parte de este trabajo para servir como plataforma de intervención. La investigación en su conjunto se llevó a cabo en un entorno virtual, siendo reclutados cuarenta y ocho participantes que fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de intervención o al control en lista de espera. Se utilizaron medidas para evaluar los niveles de atención plena, ansiedad y estrés antes, después de la intervención y en el seguimiento a las 4 semanas. Al aplicar el análisis por intención de tratar, encontramos diferencias significativas entre los grupos para la medida de ansiedad en el seguimiento con un tamaño de efecto grande (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la intervención de mindfulness de 4 semanas a través de una aplicación móvil fue capaz de actuar como factor protector contra la ansiedad desarrollada por estudiantes universitarios durante la ocurrencia de la pandemia de Covid-19, ya que mientras el grupo de tratamiento mantuvo niveles, el grupo control demostró un aumento continuo de la ansiedad en el postest y seguimiento que coincidió con la primera ola de Covid-19 en la región donde residían los participantes.

O propósito deste estudo foi testar a eficácia e o efeito sustentado (follow-up) de uma intervenção de mindfulness de quatro semanas na redução da ansiedade e estresse em um grupo de estudantes universitários brasileiros. A intervenção foi adaptada para ser disponibilizada pelo aplicativo Neurosaúde, criado como parte deste trabalho para servir de plataforma para a intervenção. A pesquisa como um todo ocorreu em ambiente virtual, sendo recrutados 48 participantes que foram alocados randomicamente para o grupo intervenção ou para o controle de lista de espera. Medidas foram utilizadas para acessar os níveis de mindfulness, ansiedade e estresse antes, após a intervenção e no follow-up de quatro semanas. Aplicando a análise por intenção de tratar, encontramos diferenças significativas entre os grupos para a medida de ansiedade no follow-up com um tamanho de efeito grande (F (2.92) = 10.275, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.183). Nossos resultados sugerem que a intervenção de mindfulness de quatro semanas por meio de um aplicativo móvel foi capaz de agir como um fator protetor contra a ansiedade desenvolvida pelos estudantes universitários durante a ocorrência da pandemia causada pelo Covid-19, visto que, enquanto o grupo tratamento manteve níveis reduzidos de ansiedade, o grupo controle demonstrou um contínuo aumento de ansiedade no pós-teste e follow-up que coincidiu com a primeira onda de Covid-19 na região onde os participantes residiam.

Aspectos psicoemocionais e sua influência na hipertensão: uma análise sobre as contribuições do exercício físico / Psycho-emotional aspects and their influence on hypertension: an analysis of the role of physical exercise / Aspectos psicoemocionales y su influencia en la hipertensión arterial: un análisis del papel del ejercicio físico

Objetivo: descrever a relação entre aspectos psicoemocionais negativos no desenvolvimento e controle da hipertensão arterial, e as contribuições do exercício físico para ambas as variáveis. Método: estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual pretendeu responder a seguinte questão: "Qual a relação entre fatores psicoemocionais negativos no desenvolvimento e progressão da hipertensão arterial e as contribuições do exercício físico frente a ambos?". O levantamento foi realizado por meio das bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e Scopus, e no portal PubMed, que buscou identificar estudos publicados nos anos de 2016 a 2022. Resultados: identificaram-se 509 títulos, dos quais dez foram selecionados para compor a amostra. Fatores como depressão, estresse psicológico, ansiedade, tristeza, raiva, tensão e preocupações excessivas apresentaram correlação positiva com o aumento do risco no desenvolvimento e descontrole da hipertensão. A prática regular de exercício físico continua sendo um importante aliado na prevenção e redução de sintomas psicoemocionais negativos, como no tratamento da hipertensão. Conclusão: observou-se relação positiva entre aspectos psicoemocionais negativos e o aumento na probabilidade de risco de desenvolvimento da hipertensão, e no comprometimento do controle da doença, sendo a prática de exercício físico um fator benéfico para ambas as variáveis.

Objective: to describe the relationship between negative psycho-emotional aspects in the development and control of arterial hypertension and the contributions of physical exercise to both variables. Method: integrative literature review study intended to answer the question: "What is the relationship between negative psycho-emotional factors in the development and progression of arterial hypertension and the contributions of physical exercise to both?". The survey was carried out through MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus databases, and the PubMed portal, which sought to identify studies published in the years from 2016 to 2022. Results: 509 titles were identified, of which ten were selected to compose the sample. Factors such as depression, psychological stress, anxiety, sadness, anger, tension, and excessive worries showed a positive correlation with an increased risk of developing uncontrolled hypertension. The regular practice of physical exercise continues to be an essential ally in the prevention and reduction of negative psycho-emotional symptoms, such as in the treatment of hypertension. Conclusion: there was a positive relationship between negative psycho-emotional aspects and an increase in the risk of developing hypertension and compromising disease control, with physical exercise being a beneficial factor for both variables.

Estres académico percibido por los alumnos de la Facultad de Enfermería de una universidad estatal, Ica, 2022 / Academic stress perceived by students of the faculty of nursing of an Ica state university, 2022

El estudio tuvo por Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de estrés académicos en alumnos de Enfermería de una universidad estatal de Ica 2022. Material y métodos: Investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo, de corte transversal, con población de estudio de 432 alumnos de la Facultad de Enfermería y una muestra de 205, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, como instrumento un cuestionario validado por Condori Melisa Patricia, este test tiene como reseña al Inventario modificado por Arturo Barraza Masías de Estrés Académico. Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizó el estadístico de Z. Resultados: En los datos generales se identificó que el 88.3% fueron mujeres y el 11.7% varones, predominando la edad de 20 a 24 años con 79.5%. El estrés académico fue de nivel medio con un 53.2% y nivel alto con 21.0%. El 42.3% de los alumnos presentaron más de 3 situaciones estresantes, predominando la realización de exámenes, sobrecarga académica y número de tareas interpuestas, las principales manifestaciones físicas fueron la fatiga crónica, dolores de cabeza y somnolencia, en manifestaciones psicológicas predominó la inquietud, tristeza y depresión, problemas para concentrarse y sentimientos de miedo, las manifestaciones comportamentales más frecuentes fueron el desgano para realizar labores académicas, consumo disminuido o excesivo de alimentos, y aislamiento de los demás. Conclusiones: El estrés académico percibido por los alumnos de enfermería fue predominantemente de nivel medio. (AU)

The Objective of this study was: Determine the level of academic stress in Nursing students of a state university in Ica 2022. Material and methods: Research with a quantitative approach, descriptive level, cross-sectional, with a study population of 432 students of the Faculty of Nursing and a sample of 205, the survey technique was used, as an instrument a questionnaire validated by Condori Melisa Patricia, this test has as a review the Inventory modified by Arturo Barraza Masías of Academic Stress. For the descriptive analysis, the Z statistic was used. Results: In the general data, it was identified that 88.3% were women and 11.7% men, with a predominance of 20 to 24 years of age with 79.5%. Academic stress was of high-level medium with 53.2% and high level with 21.0%. The 42.3% of the students presented more than 3 stressful situations, predominantly taking exams, academic overload and number of tasks, the main physical reactions were chronic fatigue, headaches and drowsiness, in psychological reactions restlessness predominated, sadness and depression, problems concentrating and feelings of fear, the most frequent behavioral reactions were reluctance to carry out academic tasks, decreased or excessive consumption of food, and isolation from others. Conclusions: The academic stress perceived by the nursing students was predominantly medium level. (AU)

Depression in healthcare workers: influence of Fear of Death, Spirituality, and Religion / Depresión en trabajadores de la salud: influencia del Miedo a la Muerte, la espiritualidad y la religiosidad

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased deaths worldwide, with Argentina registering an excess of mortality from all causes of 10.6%, which has generated a considerable workload in the health sector, with workers being the most affected. One of the major consequences to which they were exposed has been the development of symptoms of depression. To observe how the variables of Fear of death, Spirituality, and Religiosity influence the possibility of developing symptoms of depression in the population of health workers, a quantitative, cross-sectional, and regression approach was used in a population of 200 healthcareworkers, with Fear of death being the most relevant explanatory variable, followed by Religiosity and Spirituality respectively to understand the model AU

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha incrementado las muertes alrededor del mundo, siendo el caso de Argentina el cual registra un exceso de mortalidad por todas las causas del 10,6%, lo que ha generado una carga de trabajo considerable en el sector salud, siendo los trabajadores los más afectados. Una de las principales consecuencias a las que estuvieron expuestos ha sido el desarrollo de síntomas de depresión. Para observar cómo las variables Miedo a la muerte, Espiritualidad y Religiosidad influyen en la posibilidad de desarrollar síntomas de depresión en la población de trabajadores de la salud, se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal y de regresión en una población de 200 trabajadores de la salud, siendo el Miedo a la muerte la variable explicativa más relevante, seguida de la Religiosidad y la Espiritualidad respectivamente para entender el modelo AU

HDAC2 Inhibits Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Impairs the Cognitive Function in Prenatally Stressed Adult Offspring / HDAC2 Inhibe la Neurogénesis del Hipocampo y Afecta la Función Cognitiva en la Descendencia Adulta Estresada Prenatalmente

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of prenatal stress on the cognitive function of offspring, and clarify the change of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expression in hippocampal neurons of offspring. 16 pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into control group and stress group, with eight rats in each group. The stress group received restrained stress from 15 to 21 days of pregnancy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory, learning and memory ability were detected in open field, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze. Nissl staining was used to detect the function of hippocampal neurons. Western blot was used to detect the expression of HDAC2 protein in hippocampal neurons of adult offspring. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of HDAC2 protein and hippocampal neurogenesis. The learning and memory ability of adult offspring was decreased. The prenatal stress damaged the function of hippocampal neurons , the expression of HDAC2 was down-regulated, and the number of neurons was reduced. Maternal prenatal stress can down- regulate the expression of HDAC2 in the hippocampus of offspring, inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis and impairs the cognitive function.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el mecanismo del estrés prenatal en la función cognitiva de la descendencia y aclarar el cambio de la expresión de la histona desacetilasa 2 (HDAC2) en las neuronas del hipocampo de la descendencia. 16 ratas SD preñadas se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control y un grupo de estrés, con ocho ratas en cada grupo. El grupo de estrés recibió estrés durante 15 a 21 días de pre, preñez, mientras que el grupo de control no recibió ningún tratamiento. El comportamiento similar a la ansiedad y la memoria espacial, el aprendizaje y la capacidad de memoria se detectaron en campo abierto, laberinto en cruz elevado, prueba de reconocimiento de objetos novedosos y laberinto de Barnes. La tinción de Nissl se utilizó para detectar la función de las neuronas del hipocampo. Se utilizó Western blot para detectar la expresión de la proteína HDAC2 en las neuronas del hipocampo de la descendencia adulta. La tinción de inmunofluorescencia se utilizó para detectar la expresión de la proteína HDAC2 y la neurogénesis del hipocampo. La capacidad de aprendizaje y memoria de la descendencia adulta se redujo. El estrés prenatal dañó la función de las neuronas del hipocampo, se reguló negativamente la expresión de HDAC2 y se redujo el número de neuronas. El estrés prenatal materno puede regular a la baja la expresión de HDAC2 en el hipocampo de la descendencia, inhibe la neurogénesis del hipocampo y deteriora la función cognitiva.

Afrontamiento al estrés ante exámenes en estudiantes de una universidad pública y una privada / Coping with exam stress in public and private university students

Introducción: los alumnos a nivel profesional pueden llegar a presentar diferentes cambios en su estilo de vida, ya que se modifican factores como su estado de ánimo y sus hábitos alimenticios, esto como consecuencia de la saturación de tareas y actividades a realizar en su día a día. Objetivo: con esta investigación se quiere llegar a conocer el nivel de ansiedad en los estudiantes, ante la realización de exámenes y cómo esto afecta su estancia en la universidad, tanto académica como socialmente. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal, se comparó el nivel y afrontamiento al estrés entre alumnos de una universidad pública y una privada, se incluyeron 25 alumnos de cada universidad, de la Universidad Instituto Universitario del Estado de México (IUEM) 13 mujeres y 12 hombres, mientras de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM) 10 mujeres y 15 hombres. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 23 años. Resultados: quince (60%) alumnos de la IUEM presentaron ansiedad de acuerdo al análisis de los resultados, en tanto que 10 (40%) no indicaron ningún problema de estrés ante la realización de exámenes. En cuanto a la UAEM, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados, 20 (80%) presentaron estrés ante la realización de exámenes, en cambio cinco (20%) no tuvieron síntomas de estrés. Conclusión: existe una situación de alerta que indica que los estudiantes no están utilizando de forma adecuada las estrategias para afrontar el estrés, lo que puede traer consecuencias negativas tanto en el desempeño académico como en la salud (AU)

Introduction: students at the professional level may present different changes in their lifestyle, since their mood and eating habits are modified as a result of the saturation of tasks and activities to be performed in their day to day. Objective: with this research we want to get to know the level of anxiety in students, before taking exams and how this affects their stay at the university, both academically and socially. Material and methods: an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out to compare the level and coping with stress between students of a public and a private university, 25 students from each university were included, 13 women and 12 men from the Universidad Instituto Universitario del Estado de México (IUEM) and 10 women and 15 men from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM). The age range was 18 to 23 years old. Results: fifteen (60%) IUEM students presented anxiety according to the analysis of the results, while 10 (40%) did not indicate any stress problem when taking exams. As for the UAEM, the following results were obtained: 20 (80%) presented stress when taking exams, while five (20%) had no symptoms of stress. Conclusion: there is a warning situation that indicates that students are not adequately using strategies to cope with stress, which can have negative consequences on both academic performance and health (AU)

Tratamento de mordida aberta causada por excessivo hábito de sucção de chupeta por meio de uma abordagem psico-pedagógica. acompanhamento por 11 anos: relato de caso / Treatment of open bite caused by excessive pacifier sucking through a psycho-pedagogical approach. follow-up for 11 years: case report

Objetivo: reportar o sucesso da utilização de uma abordagem psico-pedagógica precoce para resolução de uma mordida mordida aberta lateral causada por sucção de chupeta. Relato do caso: paciente com 3 anos de idade em dentadura decídua, sexo feminino, apresentando mordida aberta unilateral. Foi empregada uma técnica psico-pedagógica, utilizando terapia cognitivo-comportamental para ajudar a criança a lidar com questões, como estresse e ansiedade, por meio da contação de histórias por meio de livros infantis especializados. Resultado: após 2 anos de acompanhamento a mordida aberta foi completamente corrigida e não houve recorrência do hábito. Após 11 anos de acompanhamento, observou- se estabilidade da auto-correção, sem recorrência da mordida aberta lateral. Conclusão: uma vez que crianças em idade pré-escolar podem não apresentar maturidade suficiente para uso de aparelhos interceptativos, uma abordagem psico-pedagógica pode ser uma opção de tratamento viável.

Objective: the purpose of this article is to report a successful approach in an early psycho-pedagogical approach in a case of lateral open bite. Case report: a 3-year-old female patient in deciduous dentition presenting an unilateral open bite. A psycho-pedagogical technique was employed, using cognitive behavioral therapy to help the children to deal with issues, as stress and anxiety through the storytelling by means of specialized children´s books. No interceptive conduct was used. Results: after 2 years of follow-up, the open bite was completely corrected and there was no recurrence of the habit. After 11 years of follow-up, stability of self-correction was observed, with no recurrence of lateral open bite. Conclusion: since preschool-aged children may not be mature enough to use orthodontic interceptive devices, a psycho-pedagogical approach may be a viable treatment option.

Estrés académico en estudiantes de Medicina diagnosticados en la Unidad de Orientación Estudiantil / Academic stress in Medicine students diagnosed in the Student Direction Unit i: en

Introducción: La educación universitaria constituye un proceso generador de muchas tensiones para los estudiantes de todo el mundo, que se ha asociado a altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones de estrés académico en estudiantes del tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 10 estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba, diagnosticados con estrés académico en la Unidad de Orientación Estudiantil, desde enero hasta junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominó el estrés moderado en 70,0 % de los alumnos, con una primacía del sexo femenino (50,0 %). La frecuencia de intensidad de la preocupación fue expresada en el valor categorial mucho (70,0 %). Entre los principales factores estresores identificados figuraron: sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, evaluaciones de los profesores y participación en clase, que en su totalidad forman parte de la dinámica del proceso formativo de la carrera. También prevaleció la diversidad de estrategias de afrontamiento a dicho estrés. Conclusiones: El estrés académico se presentó mayormente en las esferas afectiva y conductual de los estudiantes y se asoció a sucesos vivenciales como factores estresores.

Introduction: University education constitutes a process that generates many tensions for the students from all over the world, which has been associated with high stress levels, anxiety and depression. Objective: To describe the manifestations of academic stress in students from the third year of Medicine. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 10 students from the Medicine Faculty No. 1 was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, diagnosed with academic stress in the Student Direction Unit, from January to June, 2022. Results: The moderated stress prevailed in 70.0 % of the students, with a primacy of female sex (50.0 %). The frequency of intensity of the concern was expressed in the categorical value (70.0 %) as many. Among the main identified factors that cause stress we can mention: excess of tasks and works, professors evaluations and participation in class that are part of the dynamics in the training process of the career. Also, the diversity of strategies to face this stress prevailed. Conclusions: The academic stress was mostly present in the affective and behavioral spheres of the students and was associated with events experienced as factors that cause stress.